Abstract: Spacecraft in orbit is often in a critical space radiation environment, which will cause the property degradation or the invalidation of spacecraft materials and structures. The space radiation effects include the single event effect, the total ionizing dose, the displacement damage effect, the surface charging and discharging effect, and the internal charging effect. On the other hand, the environment can also be used for space breeding. The present states of the space radiation environment engineering are reviewed in this paper, which include the space radiation environments and their models, the space radiation mechanisms and effects, the standards, the testing methods, the ground simulation test facilities, the numerical simulation and the flight tests of space radiation environments and their effects, the radiation hardening technology and the space radiation bioengineering. At last, the developing trends of the space radiation environment engineering are commented.