Abstract: The contaminating environment induced by the space thermal vacuum environment aggravates the laser-induced damage of the optics, and severely degrades the performance of the spaceborne lidar system. This paper firstly reviews the related researches, then expounds on the design and the setup of the contamination enhanced and laser-induced damage effect and protection test platform, the procedure of the test and the test results. Measures for controlling the contamination of spaceborne lidar systems are summarized. Some directions for related domestic research are proposed.