Abstract: The planetary protection is an international standard for all countries in the deep space explorations. Based on the requirements for the microbial control related to the planetary protection, firstly, the main types and sources of the microbes in the AIT (assembly, integration and test) stage of the deep space prober are analyzed. Then, the aseptic techniques such as the dry heat microbial reduction (DHMR) and the vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) used by NASA and ESA are discussed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for speeding up the microbial sterilization techniques to support China’s future planetary exploration missions.