Abstract: To obtain the acceleration and force of satellite-rocket interface for satellite powered-flight phase accurately, a mechanical environmental monitoring system was designed. The system is composed of vibration monitoring unit, vibration sensors and strain gauges. The vibration monitoring unit was with three operating modes: powered-flight phase measurement mode, on-orbit vibration data analysis mode, and vibration data transmission mode. It adopts strain-based dynamic load identification technology on the satellite-rocket interface, enabling data acquisition from 6 channels of vibration mechanical sensors and 24 channels of strain data. The ground test shows that the vibration measurement accuracy of the system reaches 10%, and the maximum error between the strain measurement and the strain data collected by the LMS (LabVIEW Measurement Studio) system is less than 4%. The measurement results of the mechanical environment of the powered-flight phase on board may provide a reference for optimizing the satellite analysis model and improving the simulation conditions for the satellite ground mechanical environment, and provide important technical support for the subsequent development and application of satellites.