Abstract: To meet the engineering requirements for high-sensitivity imaging that demands both high optical performance and radiation robustness in space and nuclear radiation environments, this study experimentally investigates the imaging performance of a metal-shielding-optimized front-side-illuminated (FSI) scientific CMOS image sensor under neutron irradiation. Neutron irradiation experiments were conducted using a fast-neutron source, with a cumulative equivalent 1 MeV neutron fluence of up to 3.72×10¹⁰ n·cm^-2. The stability of imaging brightness and the uniformity of pixel response were evaluated by statistically analyzing the variation in the mean gray value and variance of images at different irradiation stages. The results show that, throughout the entire irradiation fluence range, the maximum fluctuation of the mean gray value remained below 20%, and the image variance was stable within the range of 1.28 to 1.81. No significant bad pixels or functional failures were observed. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the metal-shielding-optimized FSI structure, which has a peak quantum efficiency of 72%, in suppressing neutron-induced displacement damage and maintaining imaging uniformity. This indicates its strong potential for high-reliability applications such as space imaging and nuclear radiation monitoring.