Abstract:
Micro-vibration is one of the core factors limiting the pointing accuracy of high-precision spacecraft. Ground-based micro-vibration tests are conducted to evaluate spacecraft performance in space environments, covering the full range from component-level to subsystem- and system-level tests. This paper presents a systematic review of research advancements in this field over the past two decades. Force measurement techniques and their applicable ranges for typical disturbance sources, such as reaction-wheel assemblies and cryocoolers, are compared. Methods for generating micro-vibration environments are classified into real disturbances and simulated excitations; the development of Gough-Stewart platforms with regard to bandwidth, amplitude, and gravity compensation is analyzed. Free boundary simulation methods are categorized as bottom-support, top-suspension, and hybrid configurations, with statistics on ultra-low frequency suspension cases (0.1-0.6 Hz) presented. System-level tests addressing pointing accuracy, transfer characteristics, and optical path image motion are summarized, and the performance of measurement techniques such as accelerometers, laser PSD, and optical targets is evaluated. Finally, future directions for test equipment and methods to improve micro-vibration test accuracy are discussed. The goal is to support ground-based testing for spacecraft requiring sub-0.01″ pointing accuracy in China.