Abstract: To enhance the efficiency of human-robot collaboration in lunar surface exploration missions and reduce astronauts’ workload, this study proposes an interface design method integrating Ecological Interface Design (EID) theory with the Stimulus-Response Compatibility Principle (SRCP). Using lunar water-ice prospecting as a case study, the operational workflow and astronauts’ cognitive structures were analyzed, yielding a decision-ladder-based astronaut-rover collaboration model and an operational workspace model for the rover system. Interface design guidelines were derived by analyzing visual information characteristics. This methodology emphasizes perception-action mapping consistency, workload reduction, and task efficiency, offering a practical framework for complex interface design in extreme environments.